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1919

institutional cultural violence

Elaine Massacre

Elaine, Arkansas, AR · On map

Elaine Massacre
Elaine Massacre

During the 'Red Summer' of 1919, a white mob and federal troops killed hundreds of Black sharecroppers in Elaine who were attempting to organize a union. Estimates of the dead range from dozens to over 200, with most victims being Black farmers killed in a coordinated massacre[12].

African American Labor Racial violence

Primary sources & references

Links, uploads, and classroom context notes.