1919
Elaine, Arkansas, AR · On map
During the Red Summer of 1919, a white mob and federal troops killed hundreds of African American sharecroppers in Elaine who were attempting to organize a farmers' union [12]. The massacre remains one of the largest incidents of racial violence in U.S. history, with estimates of Black deaths ranging from 100 to over 240, while only five whites died [12]. It was fueled by fears of Black economic independence and political organization [12].
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