1919
Elaine, Arkansas, AR · On map
In late September 1919, white mobs and federal troops killed hundreds of Black sharecroppers in Elaine, Arkansas, who were attempting to organize a union for fairer pay. The massacre occurred during the 'Red Summer' of racial violence and remains one of the deadliest incidents of racial terror in American history [10]. Exact death tolls are disputed, but estimates range from 100 to over 240 Black victims [10].
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