1919
Elaine, Arkansas, AR · On map
During the Red Summer of 1919, white mobs and federal troops killed hundreds of Black sharecroppers in Elaine, Arkansas who were attempting to form a union to demand fair pay. Estimates of Black deaths range from 100 to 240, while only five white people died. The massacre was one of the deadliest incidents of racial violence in U.S. history and targeted Black economic resistance.
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