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S.T.O.R.I.E.S.

Historical Timeline

Sequential Timeline of Racist Incidents, Events, and Sites

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1969
Nixon's Minority Business Development Agency
1969

Nixon's Minority Business Development Agency

President Richard Nixon established the Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) to fund and support minority-run businesses, promoting 'Black Capitalism' as a policy …
1969
institutional policy

Nixon's Minority Business Development Agency

President Richard Nixon established the Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) to fund and support minority-run businesses, promoting 'Black Capitalism' as a policy response to economic inequality. The agency aimed to address the limited impact of previous affirmative action and government assistance to …

Washington, D.C., DC
African American Civil rights movement
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President Richard Nixon established the Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) to fund and support minority-run businesses, promoting 'Black Capitalism' as a policy response to economic inequality. The agency aimed to address the limited impact of previous affirmative action and government assistance to Black-owned enterprises[2]. This policy reflected a shift toward economic empowerment within the Nixon administration's approach to civil rights[2].
1965
Selma to Montgomery Marches (1965)
1965

Selma to Montgomery Marches (1965)

On March 7, 1965, peaceful protesters attempting to march from Selma to Montgomery were violently attacked by state troopers on the Edmund …
1965
institutional policy

Selma to Montgomery Marches (1965)

On March 7, 1965, peaceful protesters attempting to march from Selma to Montgomery were violently attacked by state troopers on the Edmund Pettus Bridge, an event known as 'Bloody Sunday'[3]. The broadcast images of the violence sparked national outrage and led directly …

Selma, Alabama, AL
Civil rights movement Voting rights
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On March 7, 1965, peaceful protesters attempting to march from Selma to Montgomery were violently attacked by state troopers on the Edmund Pettus Bridge, an event known as 'Bloody Sunday'[3]. The broadcast images of the violence sparked national outrage and led directly to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965[3].
1964
Termination of the Bracero Program
1964

Termination of the Bracero Program

Congress ended the Bracero Program on December 31, 1964, after 22 years of operation that brought over four million migrants to work …
1964
institutional cultural policy

Termination of the Bracero Program

Congress ended the Bracero Program on December 31, 1964, after 22 years of operation that brought over four million migrants to work in U.S. agriculture and railroads[1][3]. The program was terminated due to factors including farm mechanization, evidence that Braceros reduced wages …

Washington, DC, DC
Labor
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Congress ended the Bracero Program on December 31, 1964, after 22 years of operation that brought over four million migrants to work in U.S. agriculture and railroads[1][3]. The program was terminated due to factors including farm mechanization, evidence that Braceros reduced wages for U.S. farm workers, and political agreements to end labor competition[1][7]. Despite government guarantees of protection, many workers suffered from forced savings schemes where up to 10 percent of wages were withheld and often disappeared[8].
1963
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963)
1963

March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963)

On August 28, 1963, over 250,000 people gathered in Washington, D.C. for the March on Washington, where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered …
1963
institutional cultural policy

March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963)

On August 28, 1963, over 250,000 people gathered in Washington, D.C. for the March on Washington, where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his iconic 'I Have a Dream' speech[2]. The event helped galvanize public support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 …

Washington, D.C., DC
Civil rights movement Voting rights
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On August 28, 1963, over 250,000 people gathered in Washington, D.C. for the March on Washington, where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his iconic 'I Have a Dream' speech[2]. The event helped galvanize public support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965[5].
1961
Freedom Rides
1961

Freedom Rides

In 1961, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) launched the Freedom Rides, where activists traveled by bus through the South to test …
1961
institutional cultural court case policy

Freedom Rides

In 1961, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) launched the Freedom Rides, where activists traveled by bus through the South to test Supreme Court rulings banning segregation in interstate travel[2][5]. The riders faced brutal violence, including bus bombings and mob attacks, particularly …

Washington, D.C. to New Orleans, DC
Civil rights movement Education & schools Jim Crow Racial violence
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In 1961, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) launched the Freedom Rides, where activists traveled by bus through the South to test Supreme Court rulings banning segregation in interstate travel[2][5]. The riders faced brutal violence, including bus bombings and mob attacks, particularly in Alabama and Mississippi, drawing national attention to the failure of federal enforcement[5].
1960
Greensboro Sit-Ins
1960

Greensboro Sit-Ins

Beginning in February 1960, four Black college students sat at a segregated Woolworth lunch counter in Greensboro, sparking a sit-in movement that …
1960
institutional policy

Greensboro Sit-Ins

Beginning in February 1960, four Black college students sat at a segregated Woolworth lunch counter in Greensboro, sparking a sit-in movement that spread across the South [5]. The protests challenged segregation in public accommodations and became a pivotal moment in the Civil …

Greensboro, North Carolina, NC
African American Civil rights movement Education & schools Jim Crow
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Beginning in February 1960, four Black college students sat at a segregated Woolworth lunch counter in Greensboro, sparking a sit-in movement that spread across the South [5]. The protests challenged segregation in public accommodations and became a pivotal moment in the Civil Rights Movement [5]. Their tactics inspired widespread nonviolent resistance against Jim Crow laws [5].
Greensboro Sit-Ins
1960

Greensboro Sit-Ins

In February 1960, the Greensboro Four (Ezell Blair Jr., David Richmond, Joseph McNeil, and Franklin McCain) began sit-ing at a segregated Woolworth's …
1960
institutional cultural policy

Greensboro Sit-Ins

In February 1960, the Greensboro Four (Ezell Blair Jr., David Richmond, Joseph McNeil, and Franklin McCain) began sit-ing at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter[2]. Their protest sparked the sit-in movement across the South, with thousands of young people participating in similar demonstrations …

Greensboro, North Carolina, NC
Civil rights movement Jim Crow
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In February 1960, the Greensboro Four (Ezell Blair Jr., David Richmond, Joseph McNeil, and Franklin McCain) began sit-ing at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter[2]. Their protest sparked the sit-in movement across the South, with thousands of young people participating in similar demonstrations to challenge segregation in public accommodations[2].
Greensboro Sit-In
1960

Greensboro Sit-In

Four Black college students from North Carolina A&T State University staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, sparking …
1960
institutional policy

Greensboro Sit-In

Four Black college students from North Carolina A&T State University staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, sparking a wave of similar protests across the South. The nonviolent protest lasted 38 days and ended when the store desegregated …

Greensboro, NC
African American Civil rights movement Education & schools Jim Crow Racial violence
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Four Black college students from North Carolina A&T State University staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, sparking a wave of similar protests across the South. The nonviolent protest lasted 38 days and ended when the store desegregated its lunch counters. It mobilized a new generation of young activists and led to the formation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)[6].
Greensboro Sit-Ins
1960

Greensboro Sit-Ins

Four Black students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North …
1960
institutional policy

Greensboro Sit-Ins

Four Black students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. Although refused service, they were allowed to stay at the counter, triggering many similar nonviolent protests throughout the South. …

Greensboro, North Carolina, NC
African American Civil rights movement Education & schools Jim Crow
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Four Black students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. Although refused service, they were allowed to stay at the counter, triggering many similar nonviolent protests throughout the South. The event inspired the founding of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), giving young Black people a more vital role in the civil rights movement.
Greensboro Sit-Ins
1960

Greensboro Sit-Ins

Four black students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North …
1960
institutional policy

Greensboro Sit-Ins

Four black students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina[9]. Although refused service, they were allowed to stay at the counter, sparking similar protests across the South[9]. This event …

Greensboro, North Carolina, NC
African American Civil rights movement Education & schools Jim Crow
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Four black students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina[9]. Although refused service, they were allowed to stay at the counter, sparking similar protests across the South[9]. This event initiated the sit-in movement that became a major tactic of the civil rights movement[9].
Greensboro Sit-Ins (1960)
1960

Greensboro Sit-Ins (1960)

Four Black college students from North Carolina A&T staged sit-ins at a Woolworth’s lunch counter, refusing to leave until served. Their peaceful …
1960
institutional policy

Greensboro Sit-Ins (1960)

Four Black college students from North Carolina A&T staged sit-ins at a Woolworth’s lunch counter, refusing to leave until served. Their peaceful protest sparked a wave of similar demonstrations across the South and helped catalyze the Civil Rights Movement[2]. The event is …

Greensboro, North Carolina, NC
African American Civil rights movement Education & schools Jim Crow
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Four Black college students from North Carolina A&T staged sit-ins at a Woolworth’s lunch counter, refusing to leave until served. Their peaceful protest sparked a wave of similar demonstrations across the South and helped catalyze the Civil Rights Movement[2]. The event is widely recognized as a pivotal moment in the struggle against segregation in public spaces.