1964
Washington, DC, DC · On map
Congress ended the Bracero Program on December 31, 1964, after 22 years of operation that brought over four million migrants to work in U.S. agriculture and railroads[1][3]. The program was terminated due to factors including farm mechanization, evidence that Braceros reduced wages for U.S. farm workers, and political agreements to end labor competition[1][7]. Despite government guarantees of protection, many workers suffered from forced savings schemes where up to 10 percent of wages were withheld and often disappeared[8].
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