1947
Washington, D.C., DC · On map
While not a single court case name, the period saw the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) and Federal Housing Administration (FHA) systematically embed redlining into national policy through 'Security Maps' that rated Black neighborhoods as hazardous. This policy denied mortgage insurance and credit to Black families, enforcing residential segregation across the North and Midwest. The practice was institutionalized under New Deal-era housing programs.
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