S.T.O.R.I.E.S.

Historical Timeline

Sequential Timeline of Racist Incidents, Events, and Sites

Place New York, NY Clear place All places
2021
2021
cultural discrimination

Research Study Finds Black and Hispanic Residents Experience Higher Stop-and-Frisk Rates

A study published in PubMed Central found that over the study period, 43% of participants reported experiencing stop-and-frisk, with higher rates among Black (47%) and Hispanic/Latinx (45%) participants compared to White participants (38%) [4]. The findings indicate that being Black or Latino …

New York, NY, NY
African American Jim Crow Latino
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A study published in PubMed Central found that over the study period, 43% of participants reported experiencing stop-and-frisk, with higher rates among Black (47%) and Hispanic/Latinx (45%) participants compared to White participants (38%) [4]. The findings indicate that being Black or Latino correlates with a higher likelihood of being frisked and subjected to non-weapon force, even after controlling for relevant factors [6]. Latinos and Blacks were frisked at higher rates compared to Whites and experienced both any force and non-weapon force more frequently [6].
2007
2007
institutional discrimination

Statistical Analysis Shows Blacks Stopped 23% More Often Than Whites in NYC

A Columbia University statistical analysis of NYPD stop-and-frisk data found that when comparing stops to DCJS arrests, Blacks were stopped 23% more often than Whites and Hispanics were stopped 39% more often than Whites [2]. The ratio of stops to arrests was …

New York, NY, NY
Education & schools Jim Crow Latino
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A Columbia University statistical analysis of NYPD stop-and-frisk data found that when comparing stops to DCJS arrests, Blacks were stopped 23% more often than Whites and Hispanics were stopped 39% more often than Whites [2]. The ratio of stops to arrests was 1.24 for Whites, 1.54 for Blacks, and 1.72 for Hispanics, indicating disproportionate enforcement against minority communities [2]. This analysis controlled for relevant factors related to pedestrian and stop characteristics, highlighting the significance of implicit bias in these encounters [2][6].
2006
2006
cultural discrimination

NYPD 2006 Stop-and-Frisk Data Reveals Over 80% of Searches Target Blacks and Latinos

The New York City Police Department released 2006 stop-and-frisk data showing that Black and Latino residents comprised more than 80% of all individuals searched [1]. The data revealed that while Blacks and Latinos made up 52% and 31% of the population respectively, …

New York, NY, NY
African American Jim Crow Latino Policing
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The New York City Police Department released 2006 stop-and-frisk data showing that Black and Latino residents comprised more than 80% of all individuals searched [1]. The data revealed that while Blacks and Latinos made up 52% and 31% of the population respectively, they accounted for 90% of all stops from 2003–2024, with Blacks representing 53% of stops despite being only 23% of the population [1][5]. Raw statistics indicated that 89% of stops involved nonwhite suspects, with 53% involving Black suspects and 29% involving Hispanic suspects [7].
1999
1999
cultural violence

Amadou Diallo Police Shooting and Trials

Amadou Diallo, an unarmed Black man from Guinea, was shot 41 times by four NYPD officers who mistakenly believed he was reaching for a gun. The officers were initially charged with murder but acquitted in 2000, sparking massive protests and accusations of …

New York, NY, NY
African American Policing Racial violence
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Amadou Diallo, an unarmed Black man from Guinea, was shot 41 times by four NYPD officers who mistakenly believed he was reaching for a gun. The officers were initially charged with murder but acquitted in 2000, sparking massive protests and accusations of racial bias in the justice system. The case became a symbol of police brutality and the need for reform in New York City's policing practices.
1999
institutional cultural policy

Million Hoodie March for Justice

Over 100,000 people gathered in New York City to protest police brutality after the killing of Amadou Diallo, an unarmed Black man shot 41 times by NYPD officers. The march, organized by community groups and civil rights organizations, demanded accountability for police …

New York, NY, NY
African American Civil rights movement Policing
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Over 100,000 people gathered in New York City to protest police brutality after the killing of Amadou Diallo, an unarmed Black man shot 41 times by NYPD officers. The march, organized by community groups and civil rights organizations, demanded accountability for police violence and racial justice. It became one of the largest anti-police brutality demonstrations in U.S. history before the George Floyd protests.
1997
1997
cultural discrimination

New York City Police Department Stop-and-Frisk Survey Released

A comprehensive NYPD survey revealed that Black and Latino men were stopped, questioned, and frisked at rates 5 to 10 times higher than white men, despite similar crime rates. The data showed that 87% of those stopped were Black or Latino, while …

New York, NY, NY
African American Jim Crow Latino Policing
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A comprehensive NYPD survey revealed that Black and Latino men were stopped, questioned, and frisked at rates 5 to 10 times higher than white men, despite similar crime rates. The data showed that 87% of those stopped were Black or Latino, while only 13% were white. The findings exposed systemic racial bias in police stop-and-frisk practices, fueling demands for reform and accountability.