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1919

institutional cultural violence

Elaine Massacre

Elaine, Arkansas, AR · On map

Elaine Massacre
Elaine Massacre

During the Red Summer of 1919, a white mob and federal troops killed hundreds of Black sharecroppers in Phillips County who were organizing for better wages. Estimates range from 100 to 240 African Americans killed, with only five whites reported dead[11]. The massacre was one of the largest incidents of racial violence in U.S. history[11].

African American Racial violence

Primary sources & references

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