Auto-populated for major-events coverage; editorial review welcome.

← Timeline

1919

institutional cultural violence

Elaine Massacre

Elaine, Arkansas, AR · On map

Elaine Massacre
Elaine Massacre

During the Red Summer of 1919, white mobs and federal troops killed hundreds of Black sharecroppers in Phillips County who were organizing for better wages[11]. Estimates of deaths range from 100 to over 200, though official reports initially claimed only 5 white and 28 Black deaths[11]. It is considered the deadliest racial incident in Arkansas history.

African American Racial violence

Primary sources & references

Links, uploads, and classroom context notes.