Auto-populated for major-events coverage; editorial review welcome.

← Timeline

1989

institutional court case discrimination

City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Company

Richmond, Virginia, VA · On map

Placeholder illustration for City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Company
Default illustration (Institutional) — replace with a rights-cleared photo when available.

The Supreme Court held that racial preferences are subject to the strictest form of judicial scrutiny, known as 'strict scrutiny'[2]. The Court ruled that a Richmond city ordinance requiring 30% of construction contracts to go to minority-owned businesses was unconstitutional because it lacked a sufficient justification[2]. This decision significantly limited the use of racial preferences in government contracting and set a high bar for affirmative action programs[2].

Jim Crow

Primary sources & references

Links, uploads, and classroom context notes.