Three-Fifths Clause Adopted in U.S. Constitution

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA

The U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1789, included the Three-Fifths Clause (Article I, Section 2), counting enslaved persons as three-fifths of a person for congressional representation and taxation. This provision amplified the political power of slaveholding states while denying enslaved Black people any legal personhood or voting rights. The …

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